Exclusive: India's $23 bln plan to rival China factories to lapse after it disappoints

獨家報道：印度耗資230億美元的取代中國制造計劃，僅四年就涼了


NEW DELHI, March 24 (Reuters) – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has decided to let lapse a $23 billion program to incentivize domestic manufacturing, just four years after it launched the effort to woo firms away from China, according to four government officials.?

路透社新德里3月24日電，據四名印度政府官員透露，莫迪政府已決定終止一項耗資230億美元的印度制造業(yè)激勵計劃。而這項“生產關聯激勵計劃”推出僅四年，初衷是為了吸引企業(yè)離開中國。
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The scheme will not be expanded beyond the 14 pilot sectors and production deadlines will not be extended despite requests from some participating firms, two of the officials said.?

兩位官員表示，該計劃將不再擴展到14個試點部門之外，盡管一些參與企業(yè)提出請求，但生產期限也不會延長。?

Some 750 companies, including Apple supplier Foxconn and Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries, signed up to the Production-lixed Initiative scheme, public records show.?

根據公開記錄顯示，包括蘋果供應商富士康和印度本土巨頭信實工業(yè)在內的約750家企業(yè)參與了該計劃

Firms were promised cash payouts if they met individual production targets and deadlines. The hope was to raise the share of manufacturing in the economy to 25% by 2025.?

政府承諾對達成生產目標的企業(yè)發(fā)放現金獎勵， 期望借此將制造業(yè)占GDP比重至2025年能提升至25%。?

Instead, many firms that participated in the program failed to kickstart production, while others that met manufacturing targets found India slow to pay out subsidies, according to government documents and correspondence seen by Reuters.?

但據路透社查閱的政府文件顯示，參與該計劃的多數企業(yè)未能順利啟動生產，而達標企業(yè)也遭遇補貼發(fā)放遲滯的困境。
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As of October 2024, participating firms had produced $151.93 billion worth of goods under the program, or 37% of the target that Delhi had set, according to an undated analysis of the program compiled by the commerce ministry.?

商務部一份未注明日期的評估報告顯示，截至2024年10月，參與公司在該計劃下生產了價值1519.3億美元的商品，僅完成印度政府預設目標的37%。

India had issued just $1.73 billion in incentives – or under 8% of the allocated funds, the document said.?

該文件稱，印度僅發(fā)放了17.3億美元的激勵資金，不足預算總額的8%。?

News of the government's decision to not extend the plan and specifics about the lag in payouts are being reported by Reuters for the first time.?

路透社率先披露了政府終止計劃的決定及補貼發(fā)放滯后的具體細節(jié)。

Modi's office and the commerce ministry, which oversees the program, did not respond to requests for comment. Since the plan's introduction, manufacturing's share of the economy has decreased from 15.4% to 14.3%.?

莫迪的辦公室和負責監(jiān)督該計劃的商務部未回應置評請求。 自該計劃推出以來，印度制造業(yè)在經濟中的比重已從15.4%下降到14.3%。?

In a separate statement on Saturday, the commerce ministry said participating firms had produced $163 billion worth of goods as of November 2024. The ministry did not say if the program would be allowed to expire but said PLIs have "incentivized domestic manufacturing, leading to increased production, job creation, and a boost in exports."?

在周六的一份單獨聲明中，印度商務部稱截至2024年11月，參與公司已生產了價值1630億美元的商品，但避談計劃存續(xù)問題，僅表示生產掛鉤激勵計劃已“激勵了國內制造業(yè)，促進了生產增加、就業(yè)創(chuàng)造和出口提升”。?

Foxconn, which now employs thousands of contract workers in India, and Reliance didn't return requests for comment.?

目前在印度雇傭了數千名合同工的富士康和信實工業(yè)也未回應置評請求。?

Two of the government officials told Reuters the end of the program did not mean Delhi had abandoned its manufacturing ambitions and that alternatives were being planned.?

兩位印度政府官員告訴路透社，該計劃的結束并不意味著印度放棄了其制造業(yè)雄心，替代方案已在醞釀中。?

The government last year defended the program's impact, particularly in pharmaceuticals and mobile-phone manufacturing, which have seen explosive growth. Some 94% of the nearly $620 million in incentives disbursed between April and October 2024 were directed to those two sectors.?

政府去年為該計劃的成效進行了辯護，特別是在制藥和手機制造領域經歷了爆炸性增長。 在2024年4月至10月期間發(fā)放的近6.2億美元激勵措施中，約94%流向了這兩個行業(yè)。

In some instances, some food-sector companies that applied for subsidies weren't issued them due to factors such as "non compliance of investment thresholds" and companies "not achieving stipulated minimum growth," according to the analysis.

根據分析報告，部分申請補貼的食品行業(yè)企業(yè)因未能滿足“投資門檻要求”或“未達最低增長目標”等條件而未獲得補貼。

The document did not provide specifics, though it found production in the sector had exceeded targets. Reuters could not determine which companies the analysis referred to.

盡管文件未披露具體細節(jié)，但指出該行業(yè)生產已超出預設目標。路透社無法確定該分析涉及哪些公司。

But Delhi had previously acknowledged problems and agreed to extend some deadlines and increase payment frequency after complaints from PLI participants.

此前，德里方面曾承認該計劃存在的問題，并在參與者投訴后同意延長部分期限并增加付款頻率。

One of the Indian officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss confidential matters, said that excessive red tape and bureaucratic caution continued to stymie the scheme's effectiveness.

一位不愿透露姓名的印度官員表示，過多的官僚主義和謹慎態(tài)度仍在阻礙該計劃的成效。

As an alternative, India is considering supporting certain sectors by partially reimbursing investments made to set up plants, which would allow firms to recover costs faster than having to wait for production and sale, another official said.

另一位官員表示，作為替代方案，印度正在考慮通過部分補償企業(yè)建廠投資來支持特定行業(yè)，這將使企業(yè)能夠比等待生產和銷售更快地收回成本。

Trade expert Biswajit Dhar at the Delhi-based Council for Social Development think-tank, who has said Modi's government needs to do more to attract foreign investment, said the country might have missed its moment.

德里社會與發(fā)展委員會貿易專家Biswajit Dhar表示，莫迪政府需要采取更多措施來吸引外資，而印度可能已經錯失了最佳時機。

The incentives program was "possibly the last chance we had to revive our manufacturing sector," he said. "If this kind of mega-scheme fails, do you have any expectation that anything is going to succeed?"

他說：“這項激勵計劃可能是我們振興制造業(yè)的最后機會。如果這樣一個大規(guī)模計劃都失敗了，你還能指望其他計劃成功嗎？”

The stalling of manufacturing comes as India tries to circumvent the trade war unleashed by U.S. President Donald Trump, who has criticized Delhi's protectionist policies.

印度制造業(yè)停滯之際，正值其試圖繞開特朗普總統(tǒng)引發(fā)的貿易戰(zhàn)，特朗普曾批評德里的保護主義政策。
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Trump's threat of reciprocal tariffs on countries like India that have a trade surplus with the U.S. means the export sector is increasingly challenged, said Dhar. "There was some amount of tariff protection ... and all that is going to be slashed."

達爾表示，特朗普威脅對印度等對美貿易順差國實施對等關稅，這意味著印度的出口行業(yè)面臨越來越大的挑戰(zhàn)?！斑^去還有一定的關稅保護……但這一切都將被削減?！?/b>

HITS AND MISSES

成敗得失

The program was introduced at an opportune time for India: China, which for decades had been the world's factory floor, was struggling to maintain production amid Beijing's zero-COVID policy.

該計劃推出的時機對印度來說十分有利：中國幾十年來一直是全球制造業(yè)中心，但在北京嚴格的“清零政策”下，其生產受到嚴重影響。

The U.S. was also seeking to reduce its economic reliance on an increasingly assertive Beijing, prompting many multinationals to pursue a "China plus one" policy of diversifying production lines.

與此同時，美國也在尋求減少對日益強勢的中國的經濟依賴，這促使許多跨國公司采取“中國+1”戰(zhàn)略，分散生產線。
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With its large youthful population, lower costs and a government regarded as relatively friendly to the West, India seemed set to benefit.

憑借龐大的年輕人口、較低的成本以及被視為對西方友好的政府，印度似乎準備好從中受益。

India has become a global leader in pharmaceutical and mobile-phone production in recent years.

近年來，印度已成為全球制藥和手機制造的領軍者。

The country produced $49 billion worth of mobiles in the 2023-24 fiscal year, up 63% from 2020-21, government data show.

政府數據顯示，印度在2023-24財年生產了價值490億美元的手機，比2020-21財年增長了63%。

Industry leaders like Apple now manufacture their newest and most sophisticated cellphones in India, after having started with low-cost models.

行業(yè)巨頭蘋果公司最初在印度生產低端手機，而現在已將其最新、最先進的手機生產線轉移到印度。

Similarly, pharmaceutical exports nearly doubled to $27.85 billion in 2023-24 from a decade ago.

同樣，印度的制藥出口額在2023-24財年接近翻倍，達到278.5億美元，而十年前這一數字要低得多。

But the success was not repeated in the other sectors, which include steel, textiles and solar panel manufacturing. India faces fierce competition from cheaper rivals like China in many of those fields.

但在其他領域，如鋼鐵、紡織和太陽能電池板制造，印度并未取得類似的成功。在這些領域，印度面臨來自中國等成本更低的競爭對手的激烈競爭。

In the solar industry, for instance, eight of the 12 companies that signed up to PLI are unlikely to meet their targets, according to a December 2024 analysis of the sector prepared by the renewable energy ministry and seen by Reuters.

以太陽能行業(yè)為例，據路透社查閱的再生能源部2024年12月的一份分析報告，參與PLI計劃的12家公司中，有8家可能無法實現既定目標。

The eight firms included units of Reliance, Adani Group and the Indian conglomerate JSW.

這8家公司包括信實工業(yè)、阿達尼集團和印度綜合企業(yè)JSW的子公司。

The analysis found that the Reliance entity would only meet 50% of the production target it had been set for the end of the 2027 fiscal year, when the solar PLI scheme will expire.

分析顯示，信實工業(yè)旗下公司到2027財年末，即太陽能PLI計劃到期時可能只能完成其目標產量的50%。

It also said that the Adani business had not ordered equipment it needed to manufacture the solar panels and that JSW had not "done anything yet."

此外，報告指出，阿達尼公司尚未訂購生產太陽能電池板所需的設備，而JSW甚至“尚未采取任何行動”。

JSW declined to comment, while Adani did not respond to questions.

JSW拒絕對此置評，而阿達尼未回應相關問題。

The commerce ministry said in a January letter to the renewables ministry seen by Reuters that it would not agree to its counterpart's request to extend the scheme beyond 2027 as doing so "will result in unfair benefit for non-performers."

據路透社查閱的一封商務部1月致可再生能源部的信件，商務部表示不會同意將該計劃延長至2027年之后，因為這樣做“將給未達標的企業(yè)帶來不公平的優(yōu)勢”。

The renewables ministry said in response to Reuters' questions that it was committed to "fairness and accountability," as well as "ensuring that only those who meet their targets are rewarded."

可再生能源部在回應路透社的提問時表示，其承諾堅持“公平與問責原則”，以及“僅獎勵達成目標的企業(yè)”。
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In the steel sector, investment and production also lag targets. Fourteen of the 58 projects approved for PLIs have been withdrawn or removed due to lack of progress, according to the undated program-wide analysis.
($1 = 86.4425 Indian rupees)

在鋼鐵行業(yè)，投資和生產也未能達到預期目標。根據一份未注明日期的全計劃范圍分析報告顯示，在58個獲PLI批準的項目中，有14個因進展不足已被撤回或取消。
（1美元=86.4425印度盧比）